server name
c.paypal.com
Dominated by one stack
One client stack dominates the traffic to this name — normal for an API or a CDN origin.
- domain
Read
client diversity
4 distinct client stacks reach this name.
concentration
0.191one client stack dominates — normal for an API or a CDN origin.
Spread is entropy over the fingerprints reaching this domain, not over the domains a fingerprint reaches. It can’t distinguish one scraper from many people — it measures the mix of software, not who runs it.
Footprint
128
observations
4
distinct clients
2026-07-19
first seen
2026-07-23
last seen
Client stacks reaching this name
- Python requests / urllib3multi-build95%
- Google Chrome / Chromiumrandomising3.1%
- Google Chrome / Chromiumrandomising1.6%
- Android (Conscrypt) / Flutter (BoringSSL)multi-build0.8%
Busiest 4 client stacks on this page. Share is the fraction of this name’s observations. Many distinct fingerprints on a low-traffic name is itself worth a look; a blank JA3 is a permuting client — open the fingerprint for its variants.
| client | JA3 | stability | count | share | first seen | last seen |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Python requests / urllib3 official CPython build (OpenSSL 3.0.x — Windows / macOS / uv); ja4_b is the build, ja4_c b26ce05bbdd6 is urllib3's own SSLContext (post_handshake_auth, no session ticket) — httpx on the same build differs by that one extension. First seen as Windows 10, Python 3.14. | — | multi-build | 121 | 95% | 2026-07-19 | 2026-07-23 |
| Google Chrome / Chromium Chromium cipher-suite signature — Chrome, Edge, Brave, Opera; any extension permutation or version | — | randomising | 4 | 3.1% | 2026-07-19 | 2026-07-22 |
| Google Chrome / Chromium Chromium cipher-suite signature — Chrome, Edge, Brave, Opera; any extension permutation or version | — | randomising | 2 | 1.6% | 2026-07-19 | 2026-07-19 |
| Android (Conscrypt) / Flutter (BoringSSL) mobile-BoringSSL cipher-suite signature — Android system TLS (Play Services, Firebase, OkHttp apps) and Flutter/Dart; any ALPN | — | multi-build | 1 | 0.8% | 2026-07-23 | 2026-07-23 |